Moed Katan 22

Chapter 22

א מתני׳ <big><strong>מי</strong></big> שהפך את זיתיו ואירעו אבל או אונס או שהטעוהו פועלים טוען קורה ראשונה ומניחה לאחר המועד דברי ר' יהודה
1 <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>IF ONE HAD [ALREADY] TURNED HIS OLIVES<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For maturing before pressing (or milling) .');"><sup>1</sup></span> WHEN MOURNING<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For the death of a parent, wife, child, brother or sister.');"><sup>2</sup></span> OR SOME HINDRANCE BEFELL HIM, OR WORKMEN DISAPPOINTED HIM, HE MAY [DURING THE FESTIVAL WEEK] PUT ON THE BEAM FOR THE FIRST TIME AND LEAVE IT [THUS] UNTIL AFTER THE FESTIVAL; THESE ARE THE WORDS OF R'JUDAH.
ב רבי יוסי אומר זולף וגומר וגף כדרכו:
2 R'JOSE SAYS, HE MAY DRAW OFF [THE OIL] AND COMPLETE THE PROCESS<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of a second or third pressing, etc.');"><sup>3</sup></span> AND BUNG<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Omitted in most texts as rather more applicable to the next case, that of wine.');"><sup>4</sup></span> [THE JARS] IN HIS USUAL WAY [DURING THE FESTIVAL WEEK].
ג <big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> פתח באבל וסיים במועד אמר רב שישא בריה דרב אידי זאת אומרת דברים המותרין במועד אסורים בימי אבלו
3 <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>The Mishnah begins with mourning and finally [only] deals with the festival [week]!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Without stating how to proceed in the case of mourning.');"><sup>5</sup></span> - Said R'Shisha<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Var. lec. Shesheth.');"><sup>6</sup></span> son of Idi: This implies that things one is permitted [to do] during the festival [week] are forbidden him during [the week of] his mourning.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Namely, that the permission to do those things now was granted only in connection with the festival week, but not during the week of mourning.');"><sup>7</sup></span>
ד רב אשי אמר לא מיבעיא קאמר לא מיבעיא בימי אבלו דמדרבנן הוא ושרי אלא אפילו במועד דאיסור מלאכה מדאורייתא במקום פסידא שרו רבנן
4 R'Ashi says, [Not so], this wording is cast in the form of 'No need to say'. ,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'No need to say only this . . but even that' may or may not be done.');"><sup>8</sup></span> no need to say [that he may put on the beam for the first time] during [the week of] his mourning when [the restriction on work] is but rabbinical, but even during the festival [week], when [work] is restricted on Scriptural grounds, the Rabbis still permit it where loss is involved. It was taught<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Sem. II, 2-5, and J.M.K. II, 1 (81a) .');"><sup>9</sup></span>
ה תניא כוותיה דרב שישא בריה דרב אידי אלו דברים העושין לאבל בימי אבלו זיתיו הפוכין טוענין לו וכדו לגוף ופשתנו להעלות מן המשרה וצמרו להעלות מן היורה ומרביצים שדהו משתגיע עונת המים שלו
5 in the sense of R'Shisha son of Idi: These are the things they may do for the mourner during his [week of] mourning: If his olives had been turned they may put on for him [the beam for the first time], or if his wine [cask] is to be bunged, or his flax is to be lifted from the retting, or his wool is to be lifted the dye-bath; and they may besprinkle his field<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sem. has 'besprinkle for him a white field' and J.M.K. has 'irrigate for him a languid field'.');"><sup>10</sup></span> for him when his turn for water-rights arrives. R'Judah says they may even sow for him the ploughed field or the field awaiting a flax-crop.
ו ר' יהודה אומר אף זורעין לו שדה ניר ושדה העומדת לפשתן אמרו לו אם לא תזרע בבכיר תזרע באפל אם לא תזרע פשתן תזרע ממין אחר
6 Said they [the Rabbis] to him: [Not so], if the field is not sowed in the early season it could be sowed in the latter season and if It cannot be sowed with flax let it be sowed with some other kind [of crop].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Abstention would thus involve no loss.');"><sup>11</sup></span> Rabban Simeon B'Gamaliel says, If his olives had been turned and there is no skilled worker save himself, or his cask is [ready] for bunging and there is no skilled worker save himself, or his flax is [ready] for lifting from the retting or his wool for lifting from the dye-bath and there is no skilled worker save himself, such a one may perform [his task] behind closed doors. Furthermore, said Rabban Gamaliel, if he is a skilled worker engaged in the service of the public, or a hairdresser or a bath-attendant in the service of the public, and the Festival is close at hand and there is no skilled worker save him, such a one may do the work.
ז רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר זיתיו הפוכין ואין שם אומן אלא הוא כדו לגוף ואין שם אומן אלא הוא פשתנו להעלות מן המשרה וצמרו להעלות מן היורה ואין שם אומן אלא הוא הרי זה יעשה בצינעא
7 Farmkeepers,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Gardeners or metayers who receive from the owner of the field or orchard a certain proportion of the produce for their labour.');"><sup>12</sup></span> tenant-farmers<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who pay a fixed annual rent in money or in kind.');"><sup>13</sup></span> and contractors of labour may have others doing work for them.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' While in mourning, as their abstention means a loss to the workers besides the mourners themselves.');"><sup>14</sup></span>
ח יתר על כן אמר רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אם היה אומן לרבים וספר ובלן לרבים והגיע עת הרגל ואין שם אומן אלא הוא הרי זה יעשה
8 Ass-drivers, camel-drivers and bargemen may not work;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Either drive the animal or let it out on hire just then.');"><sup>15</sup></span> but if they were [already] engaged on the job or were [just then] in the hire of others, they [themselves] may do their work.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' While in mourning, as their abstention means a loss to the workers besides the mourners themselves.');"><sup>14</sup></span> A daily worker<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., on a day to day employment.');"><sup>16</sup></span>
ט האריסין והחכירין והקבלנין הרי אלו יעשו אחרים בשבילן החמרין הגמלין והספנין הרי אלו לא יעשו ואם היו מוחכרין או מושכרין אצל אחרים הרי אלו יעשו שכיר יום אפילו בעיר אחרת לא יעשה היתה מלאכת אחרים בידו אע"פ שבקיבולת לא יעשה
9 may not work, even in another town.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where he is not known. [Since according to the law he may withdraw during any part of the day, v. B.K. 116a.]');"><sup>17</sup></span> One who has others' work in hand,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., he does the work at home.');"><sup>18</sup></span> even if it is a contract job,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., he is paid by piece and not by day.');"><sup>19</sup></span>
י אף על פי שבקיבולת ולא מיבעיא שאינה קיבולת אדרבה קיבולת כדידיה דמי אלא אימא בין קיבולת בין שאינה קיבולת לא יעשה
10 he may not do it. [You say,]' Even if it is a contract job [which implies] and all the less so if it is not a contract job. On the contrary, a contract job is like his own [work]!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And therefore should be forbidden.');"><sup>20</sup></span>
יא היתה מלאכתו ביד אחרים בביתו לא יעשו בבית אחר יעשו
11 Rather, whether it is a contract job or not a contract job he may not do it. If his work<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Here the quotation is resumed.');"><sup>21</sup></span> was placed in the hand of others, they may not do it in his own house, but in another house they may do it.
יב מריון בריה דרבין ומר בריה דרב אחא בריה דרבא הוה להו ההוא גמלא דתורא בהדי הדדי איתרעא ביה מילתא במר בריה דרב אחא בריה דרבא ופסקיה לגמליה אמר רב אשי גברא רבה כמר בריה דרב אחא עביד הכי נהי דלפסידא דידיה לא חייש אדאחרים לא חייש והא תניא אם היו מושכרין או מוחכרין אצל אחרים הרי אלו יעשו
12 Marion the son of Rabin and Mar the son of R'Aha the son of Raba had a yoke of oxen<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Gemella. A pair of oxen owned in partnership which they let on hire to farmers.');"><sup>22</sup></span> between them, when a misfortune<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A bereavement.');"><sup>23</sup></span> befell Mar the son of R'Aha the son of Raba; he broke up the team [and did not send his animal to work].
יג והוא סבר אדם חשוב שאני
13 Said R'Ashi, A great man like Mar the son of R'Aha acting in such a manner! Granted that he minds not his own loss [of earning], is he not concerned about the loss [caused] to others? Surely it is taught: 'But if they were [already] engaged [on the job] or were [just then] in the hire of others, these may do their work'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the Baraitha cited above, with a slight variation in the order to suit the case.');"><sup>24</sup></span> - He [Mar] however held the view that [the case of] a prominent man is different.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., he was not unaware of the ruling in the Baraitha, but felt that a man of his status (and maybe, his partner too) should be stricter in the application of the law. Cf. Bez. II, 6; 22b; Shab. 51a.');"><sup>25</sup></span>
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